楂橀湀瀹�

锛堝寳浜�澶у�� 鏀垮簻绠＄悊瀛﹂櫌锛屽寳浜� 100871锛�

鎽�  瑕�锛�鍏�鎰忔槸鍗㈡��瑙ｅ喅姘戜富鍚堟硶鎬ч棶棰樼殑鏍稿績姒傚康锛屼絾鍚屾椂瀹冧篃楗卞彈涓栦汉浜夎��銆傜瑪鑰呮牴鎹�銆婄ぞ浼氬�戠害璁恒�嬬殑鏂囨湰锛屽�瑰叕鎰忔�傚康杩涜�屽眰灞傚墫鏋愶紝璇曞浘鎻�绀哄嚭鍏跺唴鍦ㄧ殑鏉冨▉鎬т笌鎶借薄鎬т箣闂寸殑鐭涚浘銆備竴鏂归潰鍏�鎰忓湪鍏卞悓浣撲腑鍏锋湁鑷抽珮鏃犱笂鐨勬潈濞佹�э紝鏄�鏉冨姏鍚堟硶鎬х殑鏉ユ簮锛涘彟涓�鏂归潰瀹冨張鍏锋湁缁濆�圭殑鎶借薄鎬э紝浠ヨ嚦浜庡�规潈鍔涚殑浠讳綍琛屼娇閮芥槸瀵瑰叕鎰忕殑杩濊儗銆傝繖涓�鎮栬�轰骇鐢熺殑鍘熷洜鍦ㄤ簬鍗㈡��璇�灏嗗墠鏂囨槑鐨勮嚜鐒剁姸鎬佷綔涓哄叾鐞嗚�虹殑鍓嶆彁锛岀敱姝ゅ�艰嚧浜嗗叾鐞嗚�轰腑涓�绯诲垪鏃犳硶寮ュ悎鐨勭煕鐩俱��

鍏抽敭璇嶏細鍏�鎰忥紱鍚堟硶鎬э紱鏉冨▉鎬э紱鎶借薄鎬�

涓�鍥惧垎绫诲彿锛�B151    鏂囩尞鏍囪瘑鐮侊細A     鏂囩珷缂栧彿锛�1673-9973锛�2016锛�04-0000-00

The Paradox of Democracy: An Analysis of the Contradiction between Supremacy and Abstractness of General Will

GAO Pei-ning

(School of Government, Peking University, Beijing 100871锛�China)

Abstract锛�General will is Rousseau’s key idea in dealing with legitimacy of democracy. This article aims to uncover the contradiction between its supremacy and abstractness. General will is supposed to represent the supreme authority and provide the basis of legitimacy in a community, while it is an absolutely abstract idea that will not endorse any excise of political power. This article also tries to indicate that the contradiction is caused by the uncivilized state of nature which Rousseau takes as the premise of social contract.

Key words锛�general will; legitimacy; supremacy; abstractness

鍦ㄨタ鏂规�濇兂鍙蹭笂锛屽崲姊�鏄�涓�涓�鏍囨潌寮忎汉鐗╋紝浠栨彁鍑虹殑闂�棰樻槸鐜颁唬鏀挎不鐨勬亽涔呰瘽棰樸�傚悓鏃讹紝浠栧張鏄�涓�涓�楗卞彈浜夎��鐨勪汉鐗�——浠栧�硅嚜鐢辩殑鐑�鎯呰�存瓕灞″薄琚�淇�楗颁负鏋佹潈涓讳箟鐨勮京璇嶃�傛壒璇勮�呬滑瀵瑰崲姊�鐨勬寚璐ｄ富瑕侀泦涓�鍦ㄣ�婄ぞ浼氬�戠害璁恒�嬶紝鍗㈡��鍦ㄨ�ヤ功涓�鎵�琛ㄨ揪鐨勪竴浜涜�傜偣鍦ㄥ叾鎵硅瘎鑰呯溂涓�鎴愪簡浠栫殑鏋佹潈涓讳箟璇佽瘝锛岃�屽叕鎰忔�傚康鏃犵枒鏄�浣垮叾楗卞彈璇熺梾鐨勬渶涓昏�佸師鍥犱箣涓�銆傚崲姊�涓诲紶鍏卞悓浣撶殑姣忎釜鎴愬憳閮藉繀椤荤疆浜庡叕鎰忕殑鎸囧�间箣涓嬶紝鑰屼笖鏍规嵁鍏�鎰忥紝姣忎釜浜洪兘蹇呴』鎶婅嚜韬�鐨勪竴鍒囨潈鍒╄�╂浮缁欎富鏉冭�呫�傚緢澶氫汉璁や负姝ｆ槸鍏�鎰忔�傚康鐨勮繖绉嶄笓鏂�鎬т负鏋佹潈涓讳箟鑰呮彁渚涗簡鍊熷彛銆傝础鏂�褰撴槸鍏朵腑鏈�钁楀悕鐨勬壒璇勮�呬箣涓�锛屼粬璁や负鍗㈡��鎵�鐘�鐨勬渶澶ч敊璇�鍦ㄤ簬璧嬩簣涓绘潈浠ヨ繃楂樼殑鏉冨▉鎬э細

“涓嶈兘鐢辨�ゅ氨璁や负锛屽叏浣撳叕姘戯紝鎴栬�呴偅浜涜��浠栦滑鎺堜簣涓绘潈鐨勪汉锛屽�逛釜浜虹殑瀛樺湪鑳藉�熷叏鏉冨�勭疆銆傜浉鍙嶏紝浜虹被鐢熸椿鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎鍐呭�瑰繀鐒朵粛鏄�灞炰簬涓�浜虹殑鍜岀嫭绔嬬殑锛屽畠鏈夋潈缃�韬�浜庝换浣曠ぞ浼氭潈鑳界殑鎺у埗涔嬪�栥��”^[1]60

姝ゅ�栫綏绱犱篃瀵瑰崲姊�浣滆繃鐩镐技鐨勬壒璇勶細“浼藉埄鐣ユ椂浠ｇ殑鍏�鎰忔棤鐤戞槸鍙嶅摜鐧藉凹瀛﹁�寸殑锛涘紓绔�瀹″垽鎵�寮鸿揩鍏舵斁寮冨繁瑙佹椂锛屼粬‘琚�閫煎緱鑷�鐢�’浜嗗悧锛熻帿闈炶繛缃�鐘�琚�鍏宠繘鐩戠嫳鏃朵��‘琚�閫煎緱鑷�鐢�’浜嗭紵”^[2]270

________________________

鏀剁�挎棩鏈燂��2016-09-19

鍩洪噾椤圭洰锛�鍥藉�剁暀瀛﹀熀閲戠�＄悊濮斿憳浼氳祫鍔╅」鐩�“鍥藉�跺缓璁鹃珮姘村钩澶у�﹀叕娲剧爺绌剁敓椤圭洰”锛�201406010138锛�

浣滆�呯畝浠嬶細楂橀湀瀹�(1983-)锛岀敺锛屾渤鍖椾繚瀹氫汉锛屽崥澹�鐮旂┒鐢燂紝鍝堜經澶у�﹀摬瀛︾郴璁块棶瀛﹁�咃紝鐮旂┒鏂瑰悜锛氭斂娌诲摬瀛︼紝娉曞摬瀛︺��

璇氱劧锛屼粠涓哄父璇嗚京鎶ょ殑瑙掑害鏉ョ湅锛岃繖绉嶆寚璐ｆ槸鍚堟儏鍚堢悊鐨勩�備絾鏄�濡傛灉浠呬粎鍋滅暀浜庢�わ紝鑰屼笉娣辩┒鍏惰儗鍚庣殑鐞嗚�烘牴婧愶紝鍒欐湭鍏嶆湁闅旈澊鎼旂棐涔嬫劅銆傚挨鍏舵槸瀵逛簬涓�浣嶅湪鎬濇兂鍙蹭笂鍦颁綅涓捐冻杞婚噸鐨勬�濇兂瀹舵潵璇达紝杩欑�嶆壒璇勫弽鑰屼細鏈夊け鍋忛�囥�傜瑪鑰呮棤鎰忎负鍗㈡��楦ｅ啢鍙�灞堬紝鑰屾槸涓诲紶鏇存繁鍒诲湴鎻�绀哄叾鐞嗚�虹殑鍐呭湪鐭涚浘锛岄�忚�嗗崲姊�鍦ㄥ湪鍚堟硶鎬э紙legitimacy锛夐棶棰樹笂闄峰叆鐨勬倴璁恒��

鐞嗚В鍗㈡��锛岄�栧厛闇�瑕佺悊瑙ｄ粬鎵�闈㈠�圭殑鏍稿績闂�棰樸�傚崲姊�鍦ㄣ�婄ぞ浼氬�戠害璁恒�嬬殑寮�绡囨彁绀轰簡鏈�涔︾殑涓�蹇冭�洪�橈細

“浜烘槸鐢熻�岃嚜鐢辩殑锛屼絾鍗存棤寰�涓嶅湪鏋烽攣涔嬩腑銆傝嚜浠ヤ负鏄�鍏朵粬涓�鍒囦富浜虹殑浜猴紝鍙嶈�屾瘮鍏朵粬涓�鍒囨洿鏄�濂撮毝銆傝繖绉嶅彉鍖栨槸鎬庢牱褰㈡垚鐨勶紵鎴戜笉娓呮�氥�傛槸浠�涔堟墠浣胯繖绉嶅彉鍖栨垚涓哄悎娉曠殑锛熸垜鑷�淇¤兘澶熻В绛旇繖涓�闂�棰樸��”^[3]4

杩欐�靛紑鍦虹櫧娓呮�氬湴琛ㄦ槑锛屽崲姊�鐨勪富瑕佺洰鐨勫湪浜庢帰璁ㄥ叕鍏辨潈鍔涗箣鍚堟硶鎬х殑鏉ユ簮銆傝�屼粬瀵硅�ラ棶棰樼殑瑙ｇ瓟鍗冲湪浜庡叕鎰忥��general will锛夋�傚康涔嬩腑銆傛棤璁烘槸浠栧�逛富鏉冪殑寮鸿皟锛岃繕鏄�鎵�璋�“琚�寮鸿��”鐨勮嚜鐢憋紝閮芥槸鍩轰簬瀵瑰叕鎰忕殑鐞嗚В涔嬩笂鐨勩�傚洜姝ゅ叕鎰忔�傚康鏄�鐮磋В鍗㈡��鏀挎不鎬濇兂鐨勯挜鍖欙紝鑰屾湰鏂囦篃灏嗕粠瀵瑰叕鎰忔�傚康鐨勮В璇诲叆鎵嬨��

涓�銆佸叕鎰忔槸鍏�鍏辨潈鍔涘悎娉曟�х殑鍩虹��

鍗㈡��鍦ㄣ�婄ぞ浼氬�戠害璁恒�嬬殑寮�澶村氨闃愭槑浜嗙ぞ浼氬�戠害鍜屽叕鎰忕殑鍩烘湰鍚�涔夛細“瑕佸�绘壘鍑轰竴绉嶇粨鍚堢殑褰㈠紡锛屼娇瀹冭兘浠ュ叏閮ㄥ叡鍚岀殑鍔涢噺鏉ョ淮鎶ゅ拰淇濋殰姣忎釜缁撳悎鑰呯殑浜鸿韩鍜岃储瀵岋紝骞朵笖鐢变簬杩欎竴缁撳悎鑰屼娇寰楁瘡涓�涓�涓庡叏浣撶浉鑱斿悎鐨勪釜浜哄張涓嶈繃鏄�鍦ㄦ湇浠庡叾鏈�浜猴紝骞朵笖浠嶇劧鍍忎互寰�涓�鏍峰湴鑷�鐢便��” “濡傛灉鎴戜滑鎾囧紑绀句細鍏�绾︿腑鐨勪竴鍒囬潪鏈�璐ㄧ殑涓滆タ锛屾垜浠�灏变細鍙戠幇绀句細鍏�绾﹀彲浠ョ畝鍖栦负濡備笅鐨勮瘝鍙ワ細鎴戜滑姣忎釜浜洪兘浠ュ叾鑷�韬�鍙婂叾鍏ㄩ儴鐨勫姏閲忓叡鍚岀疆浜庡叕鎰忕殑鏈�楂樻寚瀵间箣涓嬶紝骞朵笖鎴戜滑鍦ㄥ叡鍚屼綋涓�鎺ョ撼姣忎竴涓�鎴愬憳浣滀负鍏ㄤ綋涔嬩笉鍙�鍒嗗壊鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎銆�”^[3]19-20寰堟樉鐒讹紝绀句細濂戠害涓庡叕鎰忔槸涓�绉嶄竴浣撲袱闈㈢殑鍏崇郴銆傚叕鎰忔槸绀句細濂戠害鎵�瑕佷紶杈剧殑鍏ㄩ儴绮剧�烇紝鑰岀ぞ浼氬�戠害灏辨槸鍏�鎰忔渶鍒濆拰鏈�鏍规湰鐨勮〃鐜板舰寮忋�傚叿浣撴潵璇达紝鍗㈡��鐨勫叕鎰忔�傚康鍖呭惈浠ヤ��3涓�鐗圭偣锛�

锛堜竴锛�鍏�鎰忚�佹眰姣忎釜鎴愬憳灏嗗叾鍏ㄩ儴鏉冨埄杞�璁╃粰鍏卞悓浣�

鍗㈡��鍧氭寔璁や负锛屽叡鍚屼綋鐨勪富鏉冩槸涓嶅彲杞�璁╃殑锛屼富鏉冭�呭彧鑳芥槸鍏卞悓浣撳叏浣撴垚鍛樻墍缁勬垚鐨勬娊璞′汉鏍笺�備换浣曚竴绉嶅舰寮忕殑鏀垮簻——鏃犺�烘槸姘戜富鍒躲�佽吹鏃忓埗杩樻槸鍚涗富鍒讹紝閮戒笉鍙�鑳芥嫢鏈変富鏉冦�傛斂搴滅殑鏉冨姏瀹炶川涓婂彧鏄�涓绘潈鑰呮墍鎺堜簣鐨勮�屾斂鏉冦�備簬鏄�鍗㈡��涓诲紶姣忎釜浜洪兘搴旇�ユ妸鑷�宸辩殑鏉冨埄姣�鏃犱繚鐣欏湴璁╂浮缁欎富鏉冭�咃紝鍏朵腑鍖呮嫭澶勭疆鑷�韬�鐢熷懡鍜岃储浜х殑鏉冨埄銆傝�屼笖姣忎釜鎴愬憳骞舵病鏈夊洜涓鸿繖绉嶈浆璁╄�屼娇鑷�宸辨湁鎵�鎹熷け锛屽洜涓轰粬灏嗕粠鍏卞悓浣撻偅閲屽緱鍒颁笌鍏舵墍杞�璁╃殑鐩哥瓑鐨勬潈鍒╋紝杩欐瘚瀹佽�存槸涓�绉嶅钩绛夌殑浜ゆ槗銆�

姝ｆ槸鍗㈡��鐨勮繖涓�绔嬪満寮曡捣浜嗘渶澶т簤璁�锛屽�備笂鏂囦腑鎻愬埌鐨勮础鏂�褰撱�備絾鏄�鍦ㄧ瑪鑰呯湅鏉ワ紝璐℃柉褰撶殑鎸囪矗骞舵病鏈夊嚮涓�瑕佸�炽�傚洜涓哄崲姊�鍦ㄥ仛鍑鸿繖涓�璁烘柇鐨勬椂鍊欙紝浠栨墍闈㈠�圭殑鏄�濡備綍璁鸿瘉鍏�鍏辨潈鍔涘悎娉曞共棰勪釜浜鸿嚜鐢辩殑闂�棰樸�傚�逛簬涓�涓�鍏卞悓浣撴潵璇达紝杩欑�嶅共棰勪笉浠呮槸蹇呰�佺殑锛岃�屼笖杩樻槸缁存寔鍏卞悓浣撳瓨鍦ㄧ殑鍓嶆彁鍜屽熀纭�銆傚�傛灉浠呬粎寮鸿皟涓绘潈鐨勬湁闄愭�э紝浠荤敱姣忎竴涓�浜虹殑鐙�鏂�鎰忓織鑷�鐢辨硾婊ヨ�屾棤鍔涙柦鍔犻檺鍒讹紝閭ｄ箞寰堟樉鐒惰繖鏍蜂竴绉嶅叡鍚屼綋鏄�闅句互缁寸郴鐨勩��

锛堜簩锛夊叕鎰忓湪鏈�璐ㄤ笂鏄�姣忎釜鎴愬憳涓鸿嚜宸卞埗瀹氱殑瑙勭害

鍥犱负璁㈢害琛屼负鍙戠敓鍦ㄤ釜浜哄拰鍏卞悓浣撲箣闂达紝鎵�浠ュ崲姊�璁や负锛屾瘡涓�涓�鎴愬憳鍦ㄥ叡鍚屼綋涓�灏卞悓鏃跺叿鏈変袱閲嶈韩浠姐�備綔涓轰富鏉冭�呯殑涓�涓�鎴愬憳锛屼粬鏄�鍏�鎰忕殑缂旈�犺�咃紝鏄�鍏�姘戯紱浣滀负涓绘潈鑰呯殑瀵硅薄锛屼粬鏄�鍏�鎰忕殑閬靛惊鑰咃紝鏄�鑷ｆ皯銆備篃灏辨槸璇达紝鍏�鎰忔槸姣忎竴涓�鎴愬憳浠ュ叕姘戠殑韬�浠藉�逛綔涓鸿嚕姘戠殑鑷�宸辨墍鍒跺畾鐨勮�勭害銆�

鏃㈢劧鍏�鎰忓彧鏄�姣忎釜浜鸿嚜宸卞�硅嚜宸卞埗瀹氱殑瑙勭害锛岄偅涔堥伒寰�鍏�鎰忎究涓嶆槸鍚�鍛戒簬浠栦汉鑰屽彧鏄�鏈嶄粠鑷�宸辩殑鎰忓織锛屽洜姝ょ疆浜庡叕鎰忔寚瀵间箣涓嬬殑浜轰粛鐒舵槸鑷�鐢辩殑銆備絾鏄�濡傛灉鏌愪竴涓�鎴愬憳鐨勮�屼负鏈夎繚鍏�鎰忥紝閭ｄ箞浠庝竴鏂归潰璇达紝鍏朵粬鎴愬憳鐨勮嚜鐢卞皢鍥犳�よ�屽彈鍒颁镜鐘�锛涗粠鍙︿竴鏂归潰鏉ヨ�达紝浠栦篃鍦ㄨ繚鑳岃嚜宸辩殑鎰忓織銆備簬鏄�鍏朵綑鎴愬憳涓轰簡缁存姢鍏卞悓浣撶殑鑷�鐢憋紝灏辨湁蹇呰�佽揩浣夸粬鏈嶄粠鍏�鎰忥紝鍚屾椂涔熸槸浣夸粬鏈嶄粠鑷�宸辩殑鎰忓織锛屽嵆鎵�璋�“浜轰滑瑕佽揩浣夸粬鑷�鐢�”銆�

锛堜笁锛夊叕鎰忓叿鏈夌粷瀵圭殑鏉冨▉鎬�

鍗㈡��璁や负锛屼富鏉冭�呬綔涓哄叏浣撴垚鍛樼殑鎶借薄浜烘牸锛屼笉鍙�鑳芥湁涓庡叾鎴愬憳鐩稿弽鐨勫埄鐩婏紝涓嶅彲鑳芥湁浼ゅ�充换浣曚竴涓�鎴愬憳鐨勬剰鍥俱�傚叕鎰忓皢姘歌繙鐫�鐪间簬鍏卞悓浣撳叏浣撴垚鍛樼殑鏈�澶у垢绂忥紝瀹冧篃灏辨案杩滄�ｇ‘銆佹案杩滃叕姝ｃ�傝�岃繖绉嶅叕姝ｆ�у疄璐ㄦ槸鍐呭湪浜庡叾鍏�鎰忔�傚康鐨勬湰璐ㄤ箣涓�鐨勩��

鎹㈠彞璇濊�达紝鍏�鎰忔槸鍏卞悓浣撶殑鏈�楂樹环鍊肩殑浣撶幇锛屼篃鏄�鏈�澶х殑鍠勩�傝繖浣垮緱鍗㈡��鐨勫叡鍚屼綋涓嶅悓浜庨湇甯冩柉鐨勭函绮圭殑鍔熷埄涓讳箟鍏卞悓浣擄紝鑰屽叿鏈変竴绉嶆槑鏄剧殑浼︾悊浠峰�煎睘鎬с�傚叡鍚屼綋鐨勮繖绉嶄鸡鐞嗕环鍊煎睘鎬т娇寰楀叕鎰忔垚涓哄叕鍏辨潈鍔涘悎娉曟�х殑鍞�涓�鏉ユ簮銆備篃灏辨槸璇达紝鍏�鍏辨潈鍔涘彧鏈夊啝浠ュ叕鎰忎箣鍚嶆墠鑳藉叿鏈夋潈濞佹�э紝鎵嶈兘鍚堟硶鍦拌�佹眰涓�浣撴垚鍛樻湇浠庛�傝繖涔熸�ｆ槸銆婄ぞ浼氬�戠害璁恒�嬩箣瑕佷箟鎵�鍦ㄣ�備絾鏄�锛岃繖浠呬粎鏄�鍗㈡��鐨勮捣鐐广�傚洜涓哄叕鎰忓湪姝ゆ椂杩樺仠鐣欏湪鎶借薄鐨勬剰蹇楀師鍒欑殑灞傞潰涓婏紝瑕佷娇瀹冪湡姝ｆ垚涓烘斂娌诲疄璺电殑鎸囧�煎師鍒欙紝杩橀渶瑕佸皢鍏跺叿浣撳寲銆佸缓鍒跺寲銆備絾鏄�鍦ㄨ繖涓�杩囩▼涓�锛屼粬閬囧埌浜嗗法澶х殑鎸戞垬銆�

浜屻�佸叕鎰忓叿鏈夋棤娉曟憜鑴辩殑鎶借薄鎬�

鑷充簬濡備綍鍦ㄧ幇瀹炵殑鏀挎不瀹炶返涓�瀹炵幇鍏�鎰忥紝鍗㈡��涓烘垜浠�鎻愪緵浜嗕袱涓�鍔炴硶锛�

锛堜竴锛夌悊鎯崇殑骞崇瓑鍗忓晢

椤惧悕鎬濅箟锛屽叕鎰忎綔涓轰竴绉嶆櫘閬嶇殑鎰忓織锛屽畠鐞嗗簲鐩存帴鏉ユ簮浜庡叏浣撴垚鍛樼殑鎰忓織銆備絾鏄�鍚屾椂鍗㈡��鍙堟槑纭�鍖哄垎浜嗗叕鎰忥紙general will锛夊拰浼楁剰(will of all)涓や釜姒傚康銆�

“鍏�鎰忎笌浼楁剰涔嬮棿缁忓父鎬绘槸鏈夊緢澶х殑鍖哄埆锛涘叕鎰忓彧鐫�鐪间簬鍏�鍏辩殑鍒╃泭锛岃�屼紬鎰忓垯鐫�鐪间簬绉佷汉鐨勫埄鐩婏紝浼楁剰鍙�鏄�涓�鍒�鎰忓織鐨勬�诲拰銆備絾鏄�锛岄櫎鎺夎繖浜涗釜鍒�鎰忓織闂存�ｈ礋鐩告姷娑堢殑閮ㄥ垎鑰屽�栵紝鍒欏墿涓嬬殑鎬诲拰浠嶇劧鏄�鍏�鎰忋��”^[3]35

鍏�鎰忎笌浼楁剰鐨勫尯鍒嗗湪鍗㈡��鐨勫叕鎰忕悊璁轰腑鍗犳湁鏋佸叾閲嶈�佺殑浣嶇疆锛屼絾鏄�浜轰滑瀵逛簬杩欑�嶅尯鍒嗗嵈瀛樺湪鐫�涓嶅悓鐨勮�よ瘑銆傛牴鎹�涓�浜涗汉鐨勭悊瑙ｏ紝鍏�鎰忎箖鏄�“姹傚悓瀛樺紓”涔嬬粨鏋滐紝涔熷嵆鎶婃瘡涓�鎴愬憳鐨勫埄鐩婂尯鍒嗕负涓や釜閮ㄥ垎锛氱壒娈婂埄鐩婁笌鍏卞悓鍒╃泭銆傚墠鑰呭叿鏈夋帓浠栨�э紝鑰屽悗鑰呭垯浣撶幇鐫�鍏卞�规�с�傛墍璋�“闄ゆ帀杩欎簺涓�鍒�鎰忓織闂存�ｈ礋鐩告姷娑堢殑閮ㄥ��”锛屼篃灏辨槸鎺掗櫎鍓嶈�呯殑鎺掍粬鎬у埄鐩婏紝鑰屽墿涓嬬殑鍏卞�规�у埄鐩婁綋鐜扮殑灏辨槸鍏�鎰忋�傛垨鑰呰�达紝鍏�鎰忓彲姣斿柣涓哄叏浣撴垚鍛樼殑涓�鍒�鎰忓織鐨勬渶澶у叕绾︽暟銆�

浣嗘槸濡傛灉鎴戜滑鍙傜収鍗㈡��鍦ㄨ繖娈靛紩鏂囦笅鐨勬敞閲婃潵鐪嬶紝浼氬彂鐜� “姹傚悓瀛樺紓”鐨勭悊瑙ｆ槸涓嶅噯纭�鐨勶��

“鍏ㄤ綋鐨勫埄鐩婁竴鑷存槸鐢变簬涓庢瘡涓�浜虹殑鍒╃泭鐩稿�圭珛鑰屽舰鎴愮殑銆傚�傛灉瀹屽叏娌℃湁涓嶅悓鐨勫埄鐩婏紝閭ｄ箞锛岄偅绉嶆案杩滈兘纰颁笉鍒伴殰纰嶇殑鍏卞悓鍒╃泭锛屼篃灏卞緢闅捐��浜烘劅瑙夊埌锛涗竴鍒囬兘灏嗚嚜琛岃繍杞�锛屾斂娌讳篃灏变笉鎴愬叾涓轰竴绉嶈壓鏈�浜嗐��”^[3]35-36鍗㈡��鍦ㄨ繖娈垫敞閲婁腑寮鸿皟鐨勬槸鍏�鎰忎笌涓�鍒�鎰忓織鐨勫畬鍏ㄥ�圭珛鎬э紝鑰屼笖杩欑�嶅�圭珛鏄�涓嶅彲閫氱害鐨勶紝鏃犳硶灏嗗墠鑰呭寘瀹瑰湪鍚庤�呬箣涓�銆�

鍚屾椂杩欐�靛紩鏂囪繕鎻愮ず鎴戜滑搴旇�ヤ粠鐜板疄鏀挎不杩愪綔鐨勮�掑害鏉ョ悊瑙ｅ叕鎰忋�傜幇瀹炴斂娌讳粠鏉ラ兘鏄�鍚勬柟濡ュ崗鐨勭粨鏋滐紝杩欑�嶇粡杩囨枟浜夈�佽皥鍒ゃ�佸Ε鍗忓悗鎵�杈炬垚鐨�“涓�鑷�”鍙�浠ヤ笌鍚勬柟鐨勬渶鍒濅富寮犵浉璺濈敋杩溿�傛墦涓�涓�涓嶅崄鍒嗘伆褰撶殑姣斿柣锛屾斂娌昏繃绋嬪ソ姣�“鍔涚殑鍚堟垚”锛屾渶缁堟墍褰㈡垚鐨勫悎鍔涚殑鏂瑰悜涓庡叾涓�浠讳綍涓�涓�鍒嗗姏閮戒笉鐩稿悓锛屼絾鍙堟槸鐢辫繖浜涘垎鍔涚殑鍏卞悓浣滅敤鎵�鍐冲畾鐨勩�傛墍浠ワ紝鍏�鎰忓苟涓嶆槸鍚勬柟鍒╃泭鐨�“鏈�澶у叕绾︽暟”锛岃�屾槸鍦ㄥ悇鏂圭殑璋堝垽涓�鎵�杈炬垚鐨勫Ε鍗忕粨鏋溿��

涓轰簡瀹炵幇鍦颁綅涓婄殑瀹炶川骞崇瓑锛屽崲姊�寮虹儓鍙嶅�瑰叡鍚屼綋鍐呴儴瀛樺湪灏忛泦鍥��備粬棣栧厛鍋囪�句簡姣忎釜浜轰綔涓轰釜浣撳湪浣撳姏鍜屾櫤鍔涗笂閮芥槸骞崇瓑鐨勶紝娌℃湁浜鸿兘澶熷己杩�鍒�浜猴紝浣嗘槸灏忛泦鍥㈢殑鍑虹幇鎵撶牬浜嗚繖绉嶇粷瀵瑰钩绛夌殑灞�闈�锛屾瘡涓�鎴愬憳鍦ㄥ弬涓庡崗鍟嗘椂灏变笉寰椾笉瀵瑰己鍔块泦鍥㈠彲鑳芥瀯鎴愮殑濞佽儊鏈夋墍椤惧繉锛屽洜鑰屼抚澶变簡鍘熸湰鐨勭嫭绔嬫�с�傝繖鏍峰嵆浣跨粡杩�“鍏呭垎璁ㄨ��”锛屽叾缁撴灉涔熻繙杩滃亸绂诲叕鎰忥紝鍙嶈�屾湁鍙�鑳戒粎浠呮槸鏌愪釜灏忛泦鍥㈢殑涓�鍒�鎰忓織銆�

鍙�浠ヨ�达紝杩欏彧鏄�鍗㈡��鎵�璁炬兂鐨勪竴绉嶇悊璁轰笂鐨�“鐞嗘兂鏉′欢”锛屽湪鐜板疄涓�鏍规湰涓嶅彲鑳藉嚭鐜般�傞�栧厛锛屾枃鏄庣ぞ浼氱殑涓�涓�鏍囧織灏辨槸绉佹湁璐�浜х殑鍑虹幇鍜岄樁绾х殑鍒嗗寲锛�{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}[1]{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}鍥犺�屽甫鏈夐樁绾ф�х殑灏忛泦鍥㈡槸涓嶅彲閬垮厤鐨勶紱鍏舵�★紝鎬у埆銆佸勾榫勩�佺�嶆棌銆佸尯鍩熺瓑鑷�鐒跺睘鎬х殑宸�寮傚悓鏍峰彲浠ュ皢浜哄尯鍒嗕负涓嶅悓鐨勭兢浣擄紝浠庤�屽舰鎴愪竴浜涙垨鍏�寮�鎴栨綔鍦ㄧ殑灏忛泦鍥�锛岃繖浜涘皬闆嗗洟鐨勫奖鍝嶄綔鐢ㄦ洿鍔犻毦浠ユ姽鏉�銆傚崲姊�鑷�韬�涔熸剰璇嗗埌浜嗚繖涓�鏉′欢杩囦簬“鐞嗘兂”锛屾墍浠ヤ粬鍙堥��涓�姝ヤ富寮狅紝濡傛灉娲剧郴涓嶅緱涓嶅瓨鍦�锛岄偅涔堝畠浠�鐨勬暟鐩�蹇呴』澶氬緱瓒充互浜掔浉鐗靛埗銆�

浣嗘槸鍋囪�炬垜浠�婊¤冻浜嗕笂杩扮悊鎯虫潯浠讹紝閭ｄ箞鍚勬垚鍛樺湪姝ゅ熀纭�涓婄粡杩�“鍏呭垎璁ㄨ��”鏄�鍚﹀氨鑳藉�熶骇鐢熷叕鎰忓憿锛熸崲鍙ヨ瘽璇达紝鎵�璋撶殑“鍏呭垎璁ㄨ��”鑳藉�熶繚璇佷汉浠�鍦ㄤ俊鎭�涓婄殑瀵圭О鍚楋紵杩欑�嶈�存硶鏄剧劧鍙堝拷瑙嗕簡鍚勬垚鍛樺湪绀句細鍒嗗伐鍜岀悊鎬ц兘鍔涗笂鐨勫樊寮傘�傚叕鍏辩�＄悊鏄�涓撲笟鎬у拰缁忛獙鎬у緢寮虹殑棰嗗煙锛岄偅浜涘叿澶囦笓涓氱煡璇嗗拰宸ヤ綔缁忛獙鐨勪釜鍒�鎴愬憳鏄剧劧姣斿叾浠栦汉鎷ユ湁鏇村ぇ鐨勮瘽璇�鏉冿紝灏戞暟鎺屾彙鏌愰」澶嶆潅鐭ヨ瘑鎴栨妧鑳界殑鎴愬憳鐢氳嚦鍙�浠ュ湪鏃犲舰涓�鍨勬柇璇ラ�嗗煙鐨勮瘽璇�鏉冦�傝繖绉嶇敱涓撲笟棰嗗煙鐨勫樊寮傛墍瀵艰嚧鐨勮瘽璇�鏉冧笉骞崇瓑鏄�“鍏呭垎璁ㄨ��”鎵�闅句互寮ヨˉ鐨勶紝鍥犱负瀹冩牴婧愪簬绀句細鍒嗗伐鐨勬棩鐩婄簿缁嗗寲銆�{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}[2]{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}

浠庡彟涓�鏂归潰鏉ョ湅锛屾墍璋撶殑“鍏呭垎璁ㄨ��”涔熷�逛汉姘戠殑鐞嗘�ц兘鍔涙姳鏈夎繃鍒嗙殑涔愯�傘�傚崲姊�鑷�宸卞�规�や篃鏈夋竻閱掔殑璁よ瘑锛屾�ｅ�傚叾鎵�瑷�锛�“浜轰滑鎬绘槸鎰挎剰鑷�宸卞垢绂忥紝浣嗕汉浠�骞朵笉鎬绘槸鑳界湅娓呮�氬垢绂忋��”^[3]48涓嶈繃闈㈠�逛汉姘戜富鏉冪殑鏉冨▉涓庝汉姘戠殑鏈夐檺鐞嗘�т箣闂寸殑鐭涚浘锛屽崲姊�闄峰叆浜嗕袱闅剧殑鍥板�冿紝鍥犺�屾渶鍚庡皢瑙ｅ喅涔嬮亾璇夎�镐竴浣嶅叏鐭ュ叏鑳界殑绔嬫硶鑰呫��

锛堜簩锛夌珛娉曡��

鍏�鎰忚�佹兂琚�鍏蜂綋鍖栭�栧厛搴斿綋渚濊禆浜庢硶寰嬨�傚崲姊�璇达紝娉曞緥灏辨槸鍏ㄤ綋浠ュ叕鎰忎负鍘熷垯瀵瑰叏浣撴墍鍋氱殑瑙勫畾銆�^[3]46鎵�浠ユ硶寰嬫槸鍏�鎰忕殑鍏蜂綋灞曞紑锛屼袱鑰呭湪鏈�璐ㄤ笂鏄�鍚屼竴鐨勩�備絾鏄�娉曞緥鐨勫叕姝ｆ�у弽杩囨潵渚濊禆浜庣珛娉曟潈鐨勫悎娉曟�с�傝櫧鐒跺崲姊�璁や负绔嬫硶鏉冨彧鑳藉睘浜庝綔涓轰富鏉冭�呯殑鍏ㄤ綋鎴愬憳锛屼絾鏄�浠栧張瀵逛汉姘戠殑鐞嗘�ц兘鍔涗俊蹇冧笉瓒筹紝涓嶇浉淇″ぇ浼楄兘澶熷嚟鍊熷叾鏈夐檺鐨勭悊鎬у埗瀹氬嚭瀹屽叏绗﹀悎鍏�鎰忕殑娉曞緥銆傛渶鍚庝粬涓嶅緱涓嶆妸甯屾湜瀵勬墭浜庢煇涓�“澶╂墠”锛氫竴涓�鍏锋湁闈炲嚒鐨勬櫤鎱х殑浜猴紝浠栬兘澶熸礊鎮変汉鎬т腑鐨勪竴鍒囷紝鍚屾椂杩樺緱瀹屽叏涓嶅彈浜烘�х殑骞叉壈锛岃兘澶熶笉寰囩�佹儏鍦颁负鍏卞悓浣撳埗瀹氬嚭涓�閮ㄧ粷瀵瑰叕姝ｆ硶寰嬨��

杩欏氨瑕佹眰绔嬫硶鑰呭繀椤诲吋澶囨櫤鎱т笌鍏�姝ｃ�傚�傛灉璇存櫤鎱у皻鍙�璧栦簬鏁欒偛鐨勫煿鍏伙紝閭ｄ箞鎯冲�绘壘鍒颁竴浣嶄笉鍙楄嚜鍒╂儏鎰熷奖鍝嶇殑绾�娲佺伒榄傚垯鍑犱箮鎴愪簡涓�绉嶅够鎯炽�傚崲姊�鑷�宸变篃寰堟竻妤氳繖涓�鐐癸紝“瑕佷负浜虹被鍒跺畾娉曞緥锛岀畝鐩存槸闇�瑕佺�炴槑銆�”^[3]50涓烘�や粬鎻愬嚭锛岀珛娉曡�呭簲璇ヤ笌绔嬫硶鏉冨垎绂伙紝浠ラ伩鍏嶇珛娉曡�呬互鏉冭皨绉併�備絾鏄�杩欓殢涔嬪張鐗垫壇杩涗竴涓�鏂伴棶棰橈細濡備綍鎵嶈兘浣夸汉姘戞帴鍙楃珛娉曡�呬负浠栦滑鍒跺畾鐨勬硶寰嬶紵杩欐槸涓�涓�涓ら毦鐨勯棶棰橈紝鍥犱负涓�鏂归潰涓绘潈灞炰簬浜烘皯锛岀珛娉曡�呮棤娉曚娇鐢ㄥ己鍔涜揩浣夸汉姘戞帴鍙楋紱鍙︿竴鏂归潰鎰氭槯鐨勪汉姘戦潰瀵圭悊鎬х殑璇�瑷�鍙堟棤鍔ㄤ簬琛枫�備簬鏄�鍗㈡��涓嶅緱涓嶅皢绔嬫硶鑰呯殑鏉冨▉璇夎�镐竴绉�“涓嶄互鏆村姏鑰岃兘绾︽潫浜猴紝涓嶄互璁鸿瘉鑰岃兘璇存湇浜虹殑”宸ュ叿锛氬畻鏁欍�傜畝瑷�涔嬶紝浠栦富寮犻�氳繃绁為亾璁炬暀浜嬪厛鍦ㄥ叡鍚屼綋涓�鏄撻�庡寲淇楋紝浠ヤ娇浜烘皯鐩镐俊绔嬫硶鑰呬箖鏄�涓虹�炴槑浠ｈ█锛屼簬鏄�鑷�瑙夐伒鐓х珛娉曡�呯殑鏅烘収鍒跺畾娉曞緥銆�

杩欐牱鍦ㄥ崲姊�鐨勬瀯鎯充腑锛屽畻鏁欏氨鎴愪负绔嬫硶鑰呬笌涓绘潈鑰呬箣闂寸殑绮樺悎鍓傘�傞�氳繃瀹楁暀鐨勪綔鐢�锛屽師鏈�鍒嗚�傜殑绔嬫硶鑰呭拰涓绘潈鑰呯殑鎰忓織缁熶竴浜嗚捣鏉ャ�備絾鏄�鍦�“绔嬫硶鑰�-瀹楁暀-涓绘潈鑰�”鐨勪笁閲嶇粨鏋勪腑锛屽崲姊�浠嶇劧娌℃湁瑙ｉ噴娓呮�氱珛娉曡�呬笌瀹楁暀涔嬮棿鐨勫叧绯诲�備綍锛氱┒绔熸槸瀹楁暀鍒涢�犱簡绔嬫硶鑰咃紝杩樻槸绔嬫硶鑰呭垱鍒朵簡瀹楁暀锛熻櫧鐒跺崲姊�寮鸿�� “浜虹殑褰㈡垚鍜屽煄閭︾殑褰㈡垚鏄�鐢变簬鍚屼竴鏉冨姏”锛�^[3]54涓嶈繃杩欐洿鍍忔槸閽堝�瑰彜鑰佺殑浼犵粺鑰岃█鐨勶紝姣斿�傝幈搴撳彜杩欐牱鐨勫彜浠ｇ珛娉曡�呮湰韬�灏卞凡缁忔槸鏂�宸磋揪涔犱織浼犵粺涓�鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎銆備絾鏄�鍦ㄤ竴涓�鏀挎不鍏卞悓浣撶殑鍒涘埗涔嬪垵锛岀珛娉曡�呬笌瀹楁暀涔嬮棿浣曡�呬负鍏堝氨鎴愪负鏃犳硶鍥為伩鐨勯棶棰樸��

濡傛灉鏄�瀹楁暀鍒涢�犱簡绔嬫硶鑰咃紝涔熷氨鏄�璇寸珛娉曡�呭嚟鍊熷畻鏁欑殑鏉冨▉鑰岃幏寰椾簡褰卞搷浜烘皯鐨勫姏閲忥紝閭ｄ箞绔嬫硶鑰呯殑鎰忓織蹇呭畾瑕侀伒浠庡畻鏁欑殑绮剧�烇紝鑰屼笉鑳戒笌涔嬬浉杩濊儗銆傞偅涔堣繖鏍锋瘚瀹佽�存硶寰嬫潵婧愪簬瀹楁暀鐨勭簿绁烇紝鑰岄潪绔嬫硶鑰呯殑鏅烘収——绔嬫硶鑰呬粎浠呮槸浠ｅ畻鏁欒█璇磋�屽凡銆傚師鏉ョ殑涓夐噸鍏崇郴鍖栫害涓�“瀹楁暀-涓绘潈鑰�”鐨勪簩閲嶅叧绯伙紝鍦ㄦ�ょ粨鏋勪腑锛屽叕鎰忎篃灏变笉鍐嶆槸浜烘皯鐨勮嚜鐢辨剰蹇楋紝鑰屾槸鍦ㄦ湰璐ㄤ笂鍙栧喅浜庣�炴剰銆傚洜鑰岀�炴剰涔熷氨鍙栦唬鍏�鎰忔垚涓轰簡鍏卞悓浣撶殑鏈�楂樻潈濞併��

濡傛灉鍙嶈繃鏉ユ槸绔嬫硶鑰呭垱鍒朵簡瀹楁暀锛岄偅涔堝畻鏁欏氨澶卞幓浜嗙浉瀵逛簬绔嬫硶鑰呯殑鐙�绔嬫�э紝鑰屼粎浠呮垚涓虹珛娉曡�呰�存湇浜烘皯鐨勫伐鍏枫�備簬鏄�鍘熸潵鐨勪笁閲嶇粨鏋勫張鍖栫害涓�“绔嬫硶鑰�-涓绘潈鑰�”鐨勪簩閲嶅叧绯汇�傚湪杩欎釜缁撴瀯涓�锛屼富鏉冭�呯殑鎰忓織浠嶇劧鏄�琚�鍔ㄧ殑锛屽畠闇�瑕佸惉浠庣珛娉曡�呯殑鎸囧�笺�備絾鏄�鍏�鎰忓嵈瑕佹眰娉曞緥鍑鸿嚜涓绘潈鑰呯殑鑷�鐢辨剰蹇楋紝閭ｄ箞鐭涚浘灏遍泦涓�浜庡�備綍浣垮緱绔嬫硶鑰呯殑鎰忓織鍚屾椂涔熸槸涓绘潈鑰呯殑鑷�鐢辨剰蹇椼��

鍦ㄩ潰瀵硅繖涓�闂�棰樻椂锛屽崲姊�鍙�鏈夋眰鍔╀簬绔嬫硶鑰呯殑瓒呭嚒鐗瑰緛銆傚崲姊�甯屾湜绔嬫硶鑰呯殑瓒呰嚜鐒剁伒榄傝兘澶熻嚜瑙夌粺涓�涓�浜烘剰蹇椾笌鍏�鎰忎箣闂寸殑澶╃劧鐭涚浘锛屼絾鏄�杩欎袱鑰呮瘯绔熸槸灞炰簬涓や釜鐩镐簰鐙�绔嬬殑姒傚康锛屾墍璋撶殑缁熶竴鍙�鑳藉�艰嚧鍚庤�呯殑娑堣В銆傚嵆浣挎垜浠�鍋囧畾绔嬫硶鑰呯殑涓�浜烘剰蹇楀湪涓昏�備笂鍏锋湁瀹屽叏鐨勫杽鎰忥紝浣嗘槸鍥犱负鍏�鎰忔槸琚�绔嬫硶鑰呯殑鎰忓織鎵�浠ヨ�勫畾鐨勶紝鎵�浠ユ槸涓嶈嚜鐢辩殑锛岀敋鑷冲彲浠ヨ�存槸涓嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑銆傚湪杩欑�嶆儏鍐典笅锛屽彧鏈夌珛娉曡�呯殑涓�浜烘剰蹇楁墠鏄�鍏卞悓浣撲腑鍞�涓�鑷�鐢辩殑鎰忓織锛屾墠鏄�鍏卞悓浣撶殑鏈�楂樻潈濞侊紝鍏�鎰忎篃浼氬洜姝よ�岃��娑堣В鎺夈��

閫氳繃浠ヤ笂璁ㄨ�哄彲瑙侊紝鏃犺�烘槸閫氳繃“鐞嗘兂鐨勫钩绛夊崗鍟�”杩樻槸“绔嬫硶鑰�”锛岄兘鏃犳硶浣垮叕鎰忓湪鐜板疄鐨勬斂娌荤敓娲诲眰闈㈠緱鍒拌惤瀹炪�傚叕鎰忚�佹眰鍏�姝ｅ湴淇濇姢鍜屽�瑰緟姣忎釜鎴愬憳锛屼絾鏄�鍗存棤鍔涜繘琛屽叿浣撶殑鎸囧�硷紝鎵�浠ユ瘚瀹佽�村叕鎰忎粎浠呮槸鎶借薄鐨勬剰蹇楀師鍒欙紝鎴栬�呬粎浠呮槸涓�绉嶅崟绾�鐨勫杽鑹�鎰挎湜鑰屽凡銆�

涓夈�佷袱绉嶈嚜鐒剁姸鎬�

鍗㈡��灏嗙ぞ浼氬�戠害寤虹珛鍦ㄥ叕鎰忕殑鍩虹��涔嬩笂锛屽嵆涓�绉嶅�规瘡涓�鎴愬憳閮界粷瀵瑰叕骞崇殑鎰忓織鍘熷垯銆備絾鏄�闅忕潃瀵硅繖涓�姒傚康鐨勪竴姝ユ�ュ睍寮�锛屾垜浠�閫愭笎鍙戠幇浜嗗叕鎰忔�傚康鍖呭惈鐫�涓�涓�鎮栬�猴細铏界劧鍏�鎰忔槸鍏卞悓浣撳唴鍏�鍏辨潈鍔涘悎娉曟�х殑鍞�涓�鏉ユ簮锛屼絾鏄�鍏�鍏辨潈鍔涚殑姣忎竴娆¤�屼娇閮藉皢杩濊儗鍏�鎰忋�傝�佽В閲婅繖涓�鎮栬�猴紝灏卞繀椤婚噸鏂板洖杩囧ご鍘昏拷闂�鍗㈡��鐨勮嚜鐢辫�傘��

鍗㈡��璁や负锛屽叡鍚屼綋瑕佹眰姣忎釜鎴愬憳寰楄嚜鍏卞悓浣撶殑鑷�鐢遍兘绛変簬鑷�宸辫�╂浮鍑哄幓鐨勮嚜鐢憋紝鑰岃繖涓ょ�嶈嚜鐢变箣鎵�浠ヨ兘澶熺瓑浠蜂氦鎹�锛屽張鏄�鐢辨瘡涓�鎴愬憳灏嗚嚜宸辩殑涓�鍒�鎰忓織缃�浜庡叕鎰忕殑鎸囧�间箣涓嬫潵淇濊瘉鐨勩�備篃灏辨槸璇达紝鍦ㄥ崲姊�鐨勭悊璁轰腑锛屼釜鍒�鎰忓織涓庡叕鎰忕殑缁熶竴涔冩槸杈炬垚绀句細濂戠害鐨勫墠鎻愩�備絾杩欏彧鏄�鐞嗚�轰笂鐨勫墠鎻愶紝浜嬪疄涓婂崲姊�鍦ㄨ繖涓�闂�棰樹笂鐨勭珛鍦烘槸鐭涚浘鐨勩�備粬涓�鏂归潰琛ㄧず姣忎釜鎴愬憳浣滀负鍏�姘戝繀椤婚伒浠庡叕鎰忥紝鍙︿竴鏂归潰鍙堢О姣忎釜鎴愬憳浣滀负涓�浜猴紝鍏朵釜鍒�鎰忓織澶勫�勪笌鍏�鎰忕浉鎶佃Е銆傛瘡涓�浜哄彧鑳芥湁涓�涓�鎰忓織锛屾�庝箞鍙�鑳芥棦鏈嶄粠鍙堣繚鑳屽叕鎰忓憿锛熷湪绗旇�呯湅鏉ワ紝鍏跺疄鍗㈡��鍦ㄨ繖涓�闂�棰樹笂鐨勭煕鐩炬牴婧愪簬浠栧湪鑷�鐒剁姸鎬侀棶棰樹笂鐨勫惈娣蜂笉娓呫��

鍦ㄣ�婅�轰汉涓庝汉涔嬮棿涓嶅钩绛夌殑璧峰洜涓庡熀纭�銆嬩竴涔︿腑锛屼粬瀵硅嚜鐒剁姸鎬佽繘琛屼簡璇︾粏鐨勬帰璁�锛岃�屼笖鎴戜滑灏嗙湅鍒颁粬瀵逛汉鐨勮嚜鐒剁姸鎬佺殑鐞嗚В鐩存帴褰卞搷浜嗕粬鐨勭ぞ浼氬�戠害璁恒��

鍗㈡��鍙嶅�归湇甯冩柉鎵�鎸佺殑“鑷�鐒剁姸鎬佹槸涓�鍒囦汉瀵逛竴鍒囦汉鐨勬垬浜�”鐨勮�傜偣銆備粬浠ラ噹铔�浜轰负渚嬶�� 璁や负浜哄湪鑷�鐒剁姸鎬佷腑杩囧緱鏄�涓�绉嶅仴搴风殑銆佸畨闈欑殑銆佸�℃�茬殑鐢熸椿銆備粬浠�杩樻病鏈夎��绀句細婵�鍙戝嚭璐�濠�涔嬪績锛屾墍浠ユ病鏈夊繀瑕佷篃涓嶅彲鑳藉拰浠栦汉鍙戠敓鍐茬獊銆�^[4]49-59鏄庣溂浜轰竴鏈涗究鐭ワ紝杩欑�嶉噹铔�浜虹殑鑷�鐢卞叾瀹炲氨鏄�銆婄ぞ浼氬�戠害璁恒�嬩腑鎵�璋撶殑“澶╃劧鐨勮嚜鐢�”锛屼篃鍗冲崲姊�鍦ㄩ槓杩扮ぞ浼氬�戠害鏃舵墍璋�“骞朵笖鍍忎互寰�涓�鏍峰湴鑷�鐢�”涔嬫墍鎸囥��

鍚屾椂鍦ㄣ�婅�轰汉涓庝汉涓嶅钩绛夌殑璧峰洜涓庡熀纭�銆嬩腑锛屽崲姊�涔熻В閲婅�达紝鐢变簬绀句細浜ゅ線鐨勯�戠箒鍜岀ぞ浼氫骇鍝佺殑涓板瘜锛屼汉瀵硅崳瑾夊拰鎰熷畼浜�鍙楃殑娆叉湜涔熻��鏋佸ぇ鍦版縺鍙戜簡璧锋潵锛屼簬鏄�浜哄拰浜轰箣闂翠究寮�濮嬩簡鏃犵┓鏃犲敖鐨勭悍浜夈��^[4]46-47杩欐牱浜哄氨姘歌繙鍛婂埆浜嗚繃鍘诲仴搴枫�佸畨闈欍�佸�℃�茬殑鐢熷瓨鐘舵�侊紝鑷�绉佽嚜鍒╃殑涓�鍒�鎰忓織涔熷氨鍥犳�ら殢鐫�鍏卞悓浣撴枃鏄庣殑鍑虹幇鑰屼骇鐢熶簡銆�

杩欏氨鏄�鍗㈡��瀵逛袱绉嶄釜鍒�鎰忓織鐨勮В閲娿�備笌涔嬬浉瀵瑰簲锛屼篃鍒嗗埆鍑虹幇浜嗕袱绉嶈嚜鐒剁姸鎬併�備竴绉嶆槸鑷�鐒朵��/閲庤洰浜虹殑鑷�鐒剁姸鎬侊紝濮戜笖绉颁箣涓�“鍓嶈嚜鐒剁姸鎬�”锛涘彟涓�绉嶆槸绀句細浜虹殑鑷�鐒剁姸鎬侊紝濮戜笖绉颁箣涓�“鍚庤嚜鐒剁姸鎬�”銆傞棶棰樼殑鍏抽敭鍦ㄤ簬锛屽崲姊�閫夋嫨灏嗗叾鐞嗚�哄缓绔嬪湪鍓嶈嚜鐒剁姸鎬佷箣涓�銆備絾浜嬪疄涓婂�勪簬鍓嶈嚜鐒剁姸鎬佷腑鐨勮嚜鐒朵汉/閲庤洰浜哄苟涓嶈兘纭�鍒囧湴绉颁箣涓轰汉銆傚洜涓轰粬浠�杩樹笉鍏峰�囦汉鐨勫績鏅猴紝鐢氳嚦娌℃湁璇�瑷�鍔熻兘锛屽嵆浣垮崲姊�鑷�宸变篃鏇炬壙璁わ紝閲庤洰浜轰笌绀句細浜虹殑宸�鍒�姣旈噹铔�浜轰笌鍔ㄧ墿鐨勫樊鍒�杩樿�佸ぇ寰楀�氥��^[4]80鎵�浠ユ垜浠�鍦ㄨ�冭檻绀句細濂戠害鏃朵篃缁濅笉搴旇�ユ妸閲庤洰浜虹殑鑷�鐒剁姸鎬佷綔涓哄弬鐓х殑鏍囧噯銆傚洜涓哄嵆浣垮叡鍚屼綋瑙ｄ綋锛屼汉浠�涓嶄細鍥炲埌鍓嶈嚜鐒剁姸鎬佷腑锛岃�屾槸鍥炲埌鍚庤嚜鐒剁姸鎬佷腑銆傚悗鑷�鐒剁姸鎬佹墠鍏锋湁瀹炲湪鐨勬剰涔夛紝涔熷彧鏈夊悗鑷�鐒剁姸鎬佹墠鑳戒綔涓虹ぞ浼氬�戠害鐞嗚�鸿�冨療鐨勫�硅薄銆�

缁撹��

鍗㈡��铏界劧瀵归湇甯冩柉鐨勮嚜鐒剁姸鎬佽�存彁鍑轰簡鎵硅瘎锛屼絾鍏跺疄杩欑�嶆壒璇勫苟涓嶄腑鑲�锛屽洜涓轰粬浠�浜屼汉鎻忚堪鐨勫苟涓嶆槸鍚屼竴瀵硅薄銆傚崲姊�鐨勮嚜鐒剁姸鎬佹墍鎻忚堪鐨勬槸鏂囨槑浜х敓涔嬪墠鐨勯噹铔�浜烘墍澶勭殑鐘舵�侊紝鑰岄湇甯冩柉鎵�鎻忚堪鐨勬槸绀句細鏂囨槑浜х敓涔嬪悗鍥藉�惰癁鐢熶箣鍓嶇殑绀句細浜烘墍澶勭殑鐘舵�併�備袱鑰呭叾瀹炲苟涓嶅瓨鍦ㄥ啿绐侊紝鑰屼笖寰堟槑鏄惧崲姊�鐨�“鍚庤嚜鐒剁姸鎬�”涓庨湇甯冩柉鐨勮嚜鐒剁姸鎬佹槸濡傚嚭涓�杈欑殑銆�

浣嗘棤璁烘槸鍗㈡��杩樻槸闇嶅竷鏂�浼间箮閮藉皢绀句細涓庡浗瀹惰�嗕负鍚屼竴锛岀ぞ浼氬�戠害涓�鏃︾敓鏁堬紝绀句細涓庡浗瀹跺嵆鍚屾椂鍑虹幇锛岃�屽叾瀹炶川鏄�浣垮浗瀹舵秷瑙ｄ簡绀句細銆傚洜涓虹己澶变簡绀句細杩欎釜缁村害锛屼釜浜轰笌鍥藉�朵箣闂村氨缂哄皯浜嗕腑闂寸紦鍐插湴甯︼紝鑰屼粎浠呭瓨鍦ㄥ己鍒朵笌琚�寮哄埗杩欏崟涓�鐨勫叧绯伙紙鏃犺�哄己鍒舵槸鍚﹀叕姝ｏ級銆備簬鏄�鍗㈡��涓庨湇甯冩柉鍙�鑳藉皢缁寸郴鍏卞悓浣撶殑绾藉甫璇夎�告斂娌绘潈鍔涳紝鎵�浠ヤ粬浠�涓嶇害鑰屽悓鍦拌祴浜堜富鏉冭�呬互缁濆�圭殑鏉冨姏銆備粠杩欎竴閫昏緫璧板悜褰诲簳锛屽氨浣夸粬浠�鐨勭悊璁洪兘鍑虹幇浜嗘棤娉曟秷寮�鐨勫紶鍔涖�傚湪鍗㈡��閭ｉ噷锛岃繖琛ㄧ幇涓哄叕鎰忎笌涓�浜烘剰蹇椾箣闂寸殑鐭涚浘锛屽湪闇嶅竷鏂�閭ｉ噷鍒欎綋鐜颁负涓绘潈涓庤嚜鐢变箣闂寸殑鍐茬獊銆�

鍦�17銆�18涓栫邯鍚�钂欒繍鍔ㄦ柟鍏存湭鑹句箣闄咃紝浜轰滑寰堥毦鎶涘紑鐞嗘�т富涔夋潵瑙傚療涓栫晫锛屼簬鏄�褰撶悊鎬т富涔夎��鎺ㄥ悜鏋佺��鏃讹紝鍏跺唴閮ㄧ煕鐩句篃灏卞緱鍒颁簡鏈�涓哄交搴曠殑鏆撮湶銆�

鍙傝�冩枃鐚�锛�

[1] 璐℃柉褰�.鍙や唬浜虹殑鑷�鐢变笌鐜颁唬浜虹殑鑷�鐢�[M].闃庡厠鏂�,鍒樻弧璐�,璇�.鍐�鍏嬪��,鏍�.涓婃捣锛氫笂娴蜂笘绾�鍑虹増闆嗗洟锛�2005.

[2] 缃楃礌.瑗挎柟鍝插�﹀彶锛堜笅鍐岋��[M].浣曞厗姝�,鏉庣害鐟�,璇�.鍖椾含锛氬晢鍔″嵃涔﹂�嗭��1996.

[3] 鍗㈡��.绀句細濂戠害璁�[M].浣曞厗姝�,璇�.鍖椾含锛氬晢鍔″嵃涔﹂�嗭��2003.

[4] 鍗㈡��.璁轰汉涓庝汉涔嬮棿涓嶅钩绛夌殑璧峰洜涓庡熀纭�[M].浣曞厗姝�,璇�.鍖椾含锛氬晢鍔″嵃涔﹂�嗭��2007.

[5] 闇嶅竷鏂�.鍒╃淮鍧�[M].榛庢�濆��,榛庡环寮�,璇�.鏉ㄦ槍瑁�,鏍�.鍖椾含锛氬晢鍔″嵃涔﹂�嗭��2010.

[6] 娲涘厠.鏀垮簻璁猴紙涓嬶級[M].鍙跺惎鑺�,鐬胯強鍐�,璇�.鍖椾含锛氬晢鍔″嵃涔﹂�嗭��2008.